After which procurement stage is limited commercial negotiation typically observed?

Limited commercial negotiation is typically observed after the stage of developing tendering documentation. At this point, the procurement team has established the specific requirements and expectations for the tender, which includes defining the terms and conditions, pricing models, and service levels. This clarity sets the stage for targeted discussions with suppliers.

During this phase, limited negotiations occur mainly to finalize the conditions of the contract based on the submitted tenders, which helps ensure that both parties understand the expectations and deliverables before moving forward. Unlike broader negotiation stages, this step focuses on specific elements outlined in the tendering documentation that require clarification or adjustment based on supplier responses.

While other stages like market engagement or supplier selection involve different forms of negotiation or interaction, they typically do not feature the same level of detail or specificity seen when finalizing contractual terms immediately following the development of tendering documentation.